Ocean Current

Overview

The current structure of the Atlantic is complex and is part of the "Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation" (AMOC) system, connecting tropical and polar waters and undertaking the global transport of heat, salinity, and nutrients, which has a profound impact on climate regulation, marine ecology, and shipping.

 

Detailed Description of Major Currents

Gulf StreamPath and Characteristics: Originating in the Gulf of Mexico, it flows northward through the Florida Strait along the east coast, turning northeast around 36°N and crossing the North Atlantic.
Climate Effect: It transports warm tropical waters to higher latitudes, forming the upper component of AMOC, which maintains the warm climate of the east coast and Western Europe.

Trends: Studies have shown that in recent years, flow rates and heat transport may have weakened, affecting regional climate and agricultural and energy demands: winters could become colder, seasons may be delayed, and energy demand may increase.

 

North Atlantic Drift / North Atlantic Current

Extension Relationship: It is the main current formed by the continuation of the Gulf Stream's heat transport as it extends northeast across the ocean, with a flow rate weaker than the Gulf Stream, but with a noticeable winter warmth effect.

Climate Role: It keeps Western Europe warmer compared to regions at the same latitude; together with the Gulf Stream, it mitigates the severe winter in Europe and supports agricultural production.

 

Canary Current

Path and Nature: This is a cold current that branches southward from the North Atlantic Drift along the northwest coast of Africa. It has a slow flow and accompanies an upwelling system along the coast.

Ecological and Climatic Impact: It cools the coastal waters, reducing precipitation and convection, shaping the arid climate of the Sahara coast; upwelling brings rich nutrients, forming high-yield fishing areas.